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I’ve supported many women who are attempting a VBAC (Vaginal Birth After Cesarean). I love supporting these women. I’m not sure quite why, but I think it’s because I get to see women at their finest. Women who will stand-up for what they believe in, and who trust their instinct and intuition, which we don’t do nearly enough.
Whether the first caesarean was an emergency one or planned one, it’s not uncommon for women to want to experience vaginal birth. For some, it’s practical reasons such as having other children at home and being worried about recovering from another operation. For others, it’s about a goal to “fix” what went wrong last time. What many care providers fail to consider is the emotional impact of a caesarean on a woman. But of course, they don’t go home with mother. We do as doulas, so I have seen first hand how much some women struggle after their caesareans: physically, emotionally, spiritually, and/or some combination of those. Many women however don’t even attempt a VBAC for a variety of reasons, but one of the biggest ones is the ‘risk of uterine rupture’.
It is important – in fact imperative – to understand that there are risks and benefits to both VBAC and cesarean section. Unless the benefits and risks to both sides are understood, a truly informed decision cannot be made.
Here are some of the lastest statistics and studies related to what we know on VBAC. Hopefully this can help you consider your options and make the decision that’s right for you.
Risks related to primary and repeat cesarean birth:
- Haemorrhage and anaesthetic complications may occur
- Accidental surgical injury to the: bowel, bladder, uterus, uterine blood vessels
- These incidences occur in 10 percent of cases (according to a ten year review at one hospital).
Post-surgical complications:
- Post caesarean infection occurs 8 to 27 percent of the time.
- 1 percent of women experience a paralyzed bowel
- 6 to 18 per 1000 experience blood clots in their legs
- 1 to 2 per 1000 experience pulmonary embolism
- The ten year review reported 4.5 percent incidence of major complications
Cesareans cause more maternal deaths than vaginal births (depending on the study, the odds are anywhere from 3 to 7 times greater).
Effects on baby:
- Cesarean delivered babies are more likely to be in poor condition at birth
- Increases likelihood of breathing difficulties
- 5 times more likely to need assistance with breathing
- Increased rate of jaundice
- Babies born by cesarean were over 3 times as likely to be admitted to intermediate NICU.
- Baby can be cut during surgery
Women who have cesareans start motherhood behind the psychological eight ball. They face recovery from a major surgery while trying to care for a newborn.
Risks Related to VBAC
Uterine rupture or scar separation. This is the most common worry and is commonly stated at 1 in about 200 (or sometimes 4 in 1,000 births). Uterine rupture is very different from wound dehisence, which is when the scar comes a little bit open. Both of these things affect mother and baby very differently, but are both included in the 1 in 200 statistic.
Wound dehisence isn’t usually an emergency and women can often continue to labour ‘normally’. If the uterus does in fact rupture it requires an immediate cesarean and does pose significant risk to both mother and baby. If a uterine rupture occurs in a hospital with 24/7 anesthesia (more than) 9 out of 10 babies will be fine (so risk of baby not surviving is 1/2000). The rate of death is actually the same for a vaginal birth from a mother who has never had a cesarean. Hmmm…
The SOGC, ACOG and RCOG state that the routine policy for women with prior caesarean should be VBAC. This has become the norm in other Countries but not North America.
While risks always sound very scary, it’s important to weigh both sides so we can make a decision that feels right to us. We want to weight many considerations including:
• What’s important to me for my birth experience?
• Can I achieve that with the choices I’m making?
• How will I feel after?
• Is someone pressuring into making a decision I’m uncomfortable with?
• What does my ‘gut’ say?
• What are my plans for future pregnancies and children? (The more caesareans you have, the riskier it gets with each one)
• Is my careprovider really supportive of both options, so I can feel confident in his/her unbiased approach?
• If I’m considering VBAC, is my hospital supportive of VBAC?
• How often does my careprovider attend VBACs?
The chances of having a successful VBAC, according to the AAFP (2005 report), range from 60-82% or 49%-87% in the AHRQ study (2010 report), with the higher numbers happening outside the United States and Canada.
A few closing thoughts:
The World Health Organization (WHO) states that no industrialized nation is justified in having a cesarean rate greater than 10 to 15 percent. Our current rate in Canadian is nearly 1 in 3 women. Some are emergency, and many are repeat caesareans. The Society of Obstetricians and Gynecologists of Canada has gone on record to encourage a reduction in caesarean and a ‘return to normal birth’ (see links below). The current trend is of increasing caesareans and decreasing VBACs. It’s important for us to reverse both trends. In the last Niday report (2008) only 25% of women attempted a VBAC. I have spoken with many women who would like to have a VBAC but whose care providers or families haven’t been supportive. Ultimately, the decision, like all in healthcare, should reside with the patient. After all, they’re the only ones who have to go home and live with their decisions. For some women, having a repeat caesarean is of course, just the right thing.
If you are interested in weighing your options with regards to VBAC, consider a VBAC consult, which can help you sift through the massive amount of information on the subject.
If you’ve decided you want to have a VBAC, consider hiring a doula who has experience. Having the right emotional support, information, and the right comfort measures in labour can really make all the difference.
Presenting you all of birth’s choices…
The Options Expert
Birth doula, postpartum doula, birth doula trainer, Lamaze Certified Childbirth Educator
Interested in some “light” reading on VBAC? Here are a few websites and tools you might like. Some are more dated than others, so it is possible that newer information exists on the subject, but it might still be interesting.
Newest big study on VBAC by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (2010): http://www2.cfpc.ca/local/user/files/%7B0B2FDE5F-2441-4807-99DC-F9EEAB52076A%7D/vbacup.pdf
January 2009 – SOGC press release supporting normal childbirth in Canada: http://www.sogc.org/media/advisories-20090128_e.asp
June 2008 – SOGC press release on cesarean overuse in Canada: http://www.sogc.org/media/advisories-20080625_e.asp
Tool to use with your doctor to assess your odds and options: http://www.aafp.org/online/etc/medialib/aafp_org/documents/clinical/patient_ed/tolac-color.Par.0001.File.tmp/TOLAC-color.pdf
American Academy of Family Physicians – 2005 Review of VBAC research: http://www.aafp.org/online/etc/medialib/aafp_org/documents/clinical/clin_recs/tolacpolicy.Par.0001.File.dat/clinicalrec_tolac.pdf

